Usage:
The purpose of the air induction system is to provide clean air to the engine in an efficient, unrestricted, silent manner while the exhaust system discharges exhaust gases as quickly and as silently as possible with minimum backpressure. Engine horsepower and efficiently will be reduced if either the air inlet or exhaust becomes restricted. Good maintenance practice cannot be over emphasized.
AIR CLEANERS: Regular service intervals, along with close visual inspection of the air cleaner, are necessary for proper cleaning of the engine inlet air. The service interval will vary with the weather and working conditions. Where dust conditions are severe, it will be necessary to service the air cleaner frequently. In damp weather and other conditions of little or no dust, the service interval can be extended.
To extend the service life of the element, the exhaust and air cleaner inlet pipes should be arranged so that exhaust and/or oil fumes do not enter the engine air cleaner.
Visual inspection of the gaskets and seals is important in keeping dust from by-passing the air cleaner. Any dirt allowed to enter, accelerates wear throughout the engine. If the condition of any of the replaceable seals and gaskets is questionable, replace them. If the sealing ends of the filter element or the element pleats are damaged. replace the element.
Extra filter elements should be kept on hand for replacement or for use in the air cleaner while the element that was removed is being cleaned.
When equipped with a dry-type air cleaner, a service indicator similar to the one shown is available.
The air cleaner service indicator is connected to the air inlet pipe between the air cleaner and the manifold. It contains a red marked piston, which gradually rises with restriction to the air flow. When the entire piston is visible it will lock in this position. This indicates a need for air cleaner service. The piston will remain in this position whether or not the engine is running. After servicing the air cleaner, reset the piston by depressing the plunger in the bottom of the indicator.
Excessive engine exhaust smoke and/or loss of power may indicate the need for servicing the air cleaner. Never service the air cleaner while the engine is running.
(See your truck manufacturer's operator's books for maintenance intervals and instructions.) Air cleaner restriction at high idle should not exceed 25 inches (635 mm) of water.
Valve Lash
Make valve lash adjustment with engine stopped.
Top dead center (TDC) of the No. 1 piston on the compression stroke is the reference point. The No. 1 piston is at TDC compression stroke when the timing mark on the crankshaft damper or the pulley is aligned with the timing pointer, and No. 1 and No. 2 exhaust and inlet valves are closed. (The rocker arms are free.)
To Adjust The Valve Lash
- 1. Adjust lash for No. 1 and No. 2 exhaust and inlet valves.
- a. Loosen valve adjusting screw locknut.
- b. Turn adjusting screw to allow a clearance gauge to pass between the top of the valve stem and the valve rocker arm.
- c. Set lash at .025 in. (0,64 mm) for exhaust valves and .015 in. (0,38 mm) for inlet valves.
- d. Tighten adjusting screw locknut.
- e. Check adjustment.
- 2. Turn crankshaft 180° clockwise (viewed from front of engine). Some engines have a "VS" mark directly opposite the TDC mark. Align the "VS" mark with the pointer. Adjust lash for No. 7 and No. 3 exhaust and inlet valves.
- 3. Turn crankshaft 180° clockwise (viewed from front of engine). Timing mark (TDC) and pointer should be aligned. Adjust lash for No. 4 and No. 5 exhaust and inlet valves.
- 4. Turn crankshaft 180° clockwise (viewed from front of engine). "VS" mark and pointer should be aligned. Adjust lash for No. 6 and No. 8 exhaust and inlet valves.
POSITIVE CRANKCASE VENTILATION VALVE: The PCV valve directs blow-by gases to the combustion chambers where they are burned. Scheduled maintenance or adjustment is not required; however any oily accumulation around the cover could indicate the diaphragm has worn through. Replace diaphragm every 48,000 miles or 1,200 service hours.
Replacing Diaphragm:
- 1. Clean area around PCV valve (1).
- 2. Remove series of bolts holding cover (2) in place.
- 3. Clean and inspect all parts and replace as necessary. Always install new gaskets and diaphragm when disassembled for inspection.
- 4. When installing, coat both sides of the gasket (4) with gasket cement and install against rear face of inner sleeve (3).
- 5. To prevent diaphragm (6) from distorting and tearing during assembly, coat both flange sides of the diaphragm with gasket cement and install with face marked "piston side" facing piston (5).
Compression
Irregular (rough) engine operation can be caused by improperly adjusted or leaky valves. Operate the engine at the speed which makes the malfunction most pronounced. A non-firing or low compression cylinder can be located by momentarily loosening and then retightening fuel lines at the cylinder head connection one at a time. (See Testing Fuel Injectors.) This same test can also indicate faulty fuel injection so further checking of the cylinder is necessary. If adjusting the valve lash and replacing the fuel nozzle in a malfunctioning cylinder does not correct the irregular running, a cylinder compression test should be performed by an authorized dealer.