Usage:
Black Or Gray
Engine Runs Smoothly Recommended Procedure
1. Engine Used at an Altitude Higher Than 2500 ft. (762 m)... At altitudes higher than 2500 ft. (762 m) the fuel setting must be changed on the 210 horsepower engines to keep the smoke at a correct level. See the FUEL SETTING AND RELATED INFORMATION FICHE for the correct fuel setting.
2. Engine Used in a Lug Condition..."Lugging" (when the truck is used in a gear too high for engine rpm to go up as accelerator pedal is pushed farther down, or when the truck is used in a gear where engine rpm goes down with accelerator pedal at maximum travel) the engine causes a reduction in the intake of air with full fuel delivery to the cylinders. Because there is not enough air to burn all the fuel, the fuel that is not used comes out the exhaust as black smoke. To prevent lugging the engine, use a gear where engine can have "acceleration" (increase in speed) under load.
3. Dirty Air Cleaner...If the air cleaner has a restriction indicator, see if the red piston is in view. If there is no restriction indicator, restriction can be checked with a water manometer or a vacuum gauge (which measures in inches of water). Make a connection to the engine side of the air cleaner or to the engine inlet manifold. Check with the engine running at full load rpm. Maximum restriction is 25 in. (635 mm) of water. If a gauge is not available, visually check the air cleaner element for dirt. If the element is dirty, clean the element or install a new element.
4. Air Inlet Piping Damage or Restriction...Make a visual inspection of the air inlet system and check for damage to piping, rags in the inlet piping, or damage to the rain cap or the cap pushed too far on the inlet pipe. If no damage is seen, check inlet restriction with a clean air cleaner element.
5. Exhaust System Restriction...Make a visual inspection of the exhaust system. Check for damage to piping or for a bad muffler. If no damage is found, you can check the system by checking the back pressure from the exhaust (pressure difference measurement between exhaust outlet and atmosphere). The back pressure must not be more than 34 in. (864 mm) of water. You can also check by removing the exhaust pipes from the exhaust manifolds. With the exhaust pipes removed, start and load the engine on a chassis dynamometer to see if the problem is corrected.
6. Fuel Injection Timing Not Correct...Check and make necessary adjustments as per Testing and Adjusting section of this Service Manual.
7. Fuel Setting is not Correct ... Check and make necessary adjustments as per Testing and Adjusting Section of this Service Manual. See the FUEL SETTING AND RELATED INFORMATION FICHE for the correct fuel setting.
8. Low Quality Fuel...Test the engine with fuel according to recommendations by the Caterpillar Tractor Co.
9. Valve Adjustment Not Correct or Valve Leakage ...Check and make necessary adjustments as per Testing and Adjusting section of this Service Manual. Intake valve clearance is .015 in. (0.38 mm) and exhaust valve clearance is .025 in. (0.64 mm). Valve leakage normally causes the engine to "misfire" (ignition not regular) and run rough. Valve leakage can be checked using the cylinder leakage tester. Special Instruction, Form No. GMG00694 gives the test procedure.
10. Bad Fuel Nozzles...Bad fuel nozzles will normally cause the engine to "misfire" (ignition not regular) and run rough, but can cause too much smoke with engine still running smooth. Remove the fuel nozzles and test as per Testing and Adjusting section of this Service Manual.
Engine Runs Rough
11. Misfiring Cylinder(s)...See Misfiring and Running Rough.
12. Fuel Injection Timing Not Correct ... Check and make necessary adjustments as per Testing and Adjusting section of this Service Manual.
13. Automatic Timing Advance Does Not Operate Correctly ... Check with engine warm. Use the 8T5300 Timing Indicator Group to check the automatic timing advance unit. Check to see that the advance is smooth and that the amount of advance is correct. See Fuel System of the Testing and Adjusting section of this Service Manual for the subject CHECKING ENGINE TIMING AND AUTOMATIC TIMING ADVANCE UNIT WITH 8T5300 TIMING INDICATOR GROUP. If the timing indicator is not available, make rapid "acceleration" (increase in speed) from low idle to high idle. Engine must have smooth acceleration. A timing advance that does not operate correctly can cause delays of the engine acceleration at some rpm before high idle, or possibly cause the engine to run rough and have exhaust noise (backfire) during acceleration. This condition is difficult to find if engine acceleration is slow or at a constant engine rpm.
14. Air in Fuel System ... With air in the fuel system the engine will normally be difficult to start, run rough and release a large amount of white smoke. To remove the air from the fuel system open the manual bleed valve on the fuel injection pump housing. Operate the priming pump until the flow of fuel from the manual bleed valve is free of air. Close the manual bleed valve and fasten the fuel priming pump. Start the engine. If the engine still does not run smooth or releases a large amount of white smoke, loosen the fuel line nuts one at a time at the cylinder heads, and permit the fuel to come out until it is free of air. Tighten the fuel line nuts. If air is not removed in this way, put 5 psi (35 kPa) of air pressure to the fuel tank.
| NOTICE |
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Do not use more than 8 psi (55 kPa) of air pressure in the fuel tank or damage to the tank may result. |
Check for leakage at the connections between the fuel tank and the fuel transfer pump. If leaks are found, tighten the connections or replace the lines. If there are no visual leaks, remove the fuel supply line from the tank and connect it to an outside fuel supply. If this corrects the problem, the suction line (standpipe) inside the fuel tank has a leak.
White Smoke Recommended Procedure
1. Cold Outside Temperatures ... When the air outside is cold, the cylinder temperature is cooler. Not all the fuel will burn in the cylinders. The fuel which does not burn comes out the exhaust as white smoke. White smoke is normal in cold temperatures until the engine operates long enough to become warm. There will be less white smoke if No. 1 diesel fuel is used.
2. Long Idle Periods ... When an engine runs at idle speed for a long period of time, the cylinders cool and all of the fuel does not burn. Do not idle an engine for a long period of time. Stop an engine when it is not in use. If long idle periods are necessary, use No. 1 diesel fuel.
3. Low Quality Fuel ... Test the engine using fuel according to recommendations by Caterpillar Tractor Co.
4. Air in Fuel System ... With air in the fuel system the engine will normally be difficult to start, run rough and release a large amount of white smoke. To remove the air from the fuel system open the manual bleed valve on the fuel injection pump housing. Operate the priming pump until the flow of fuel from the manual bleed valve is free of air. Close the manual bleed valve and fasten the fuel priming pump. Start the engine. If the engine still does not run smooth or releases a large amount of white smoke, loosen the fuel line nuts one at a time at the cylinder heads, and permit the fuel to come out until it is free of air. Tighten the fuel line nuts. If air is not removed in this way, put 5 psi (35 kPa) of air pressure to the fuel tank.
| NOTICE |
|---|
Do not use more than 8 psi (55 kPa) of air pressure in the fuel tank or damage to the tank may result. |
Check for leakage at the connections between the fuel tank and the fuel transfer pump. If leaks are found, tighten the connections or replace the lines. If there are no visual leaks, remove the fuel supply line from the tank and connect it to an outside fuel supply. If this corrects the problem, the suction line (standpipe) inside the fuel tank has a leak.
5. Fuel Injection Timing Not Correct ... Check and make necessary adjustments as per Testing and Adjusting section of this Service Manual.
6. Automatic Timing Advance Does Not Operate Correctly ... Check with engine warm. Use the 8T5300 Timing Indicator Group to check the automatic timing advance unit. Check to see that the advance is smooth and that the amount of advance is correct. See Fuel System of the Testing and Adjusting section of this Service Manual for the subject CHECKING ENGINE TIMING AND AUTOMATIC TIMING ADVANCE UNIT WITH 8T5300 TIMING INDICATOR GROUP. If the timing indicator is not available, make rapid "acceleration" (increase in speed) from low idle to high idle. Engine must have smooth acceleration. A timing advance that does not operate correctly can cause delays of the engine acceleration at some rpm before high idle, or possibly cause the engine to run rough and have exhaust noise (backfire) during acceleration. This condition is difficult to find if engine acceleration is slow or at a constant engine rpm.
7. Valve Adjustment Not Correct ... Check and make necessary adjustments as per Testing and Adjusting section of this Service Manual. Intake valve clearance is .015 in. (0.38 mm) and exhaust valve clearance is .025 in. (0.64 mm).
8. Bad Fuel Nozzle(s) ... Bad Fuel nozzles will normally cause the engine to "misfire" (injection not regular) and run rough, but can cause too much smoke and the engine still be running smooth. Remove the fuel nozzles and test as per Testing and Adjusting section of this Service Manual.
9. Misfiring Cylinder(s) ... See Misfiring and Running Rough.
Blue Smoke
10. Engine Oil Level Too High ... Do not put too much oil in the crankcase. If the oil level in the crankcase goes up as the engine is used, check for fuel in the crankcase. See FUEL IN CRANKCASE OIL.
11. Damage to Positive Crankcase Ventilator Valve or Valve Assembled Wrong ... The positive crankcase ventilator valve must be assembled correctly and the diaphragm and/or gasket must be free of damage.
12. Worn Valve Guides ... See the Specifications section of this Service Manual for the maximum permissible wear of the valve guides. The repair procedure for valve guides is in the Reconditioning Procedures section of this Service Manual.
13. Worn Piston Rings and/or Cylinder Walls ... Worn piston rings and/or cylinder walls can be the cause of blue smoke and can cause a loss of compression. Check cylinder condition with the cylinder leakage tester. Special Instruction, Form No. GMG00694, gives the test procedure. Make a visual inspection of the cylinder walls and piston rings. If necessary, measure the cylinder walls and piston rings. For the cylinder and piston ring specifications, see the Specification section of this Service Manual. NOTE: High wear at low mileage is normally caused by dirt coming into the engine with the inlet air.
14. Wear or Damage to Pistons ... Check piston ring to groove clearance. Pistons which have worn grooves and pistons with damage or defects can cause blue smoke and too much oil consumption. Make sure the oil return holes under the oil ring are open.