C7 and C9 On-highway Engines Caterpillar

Note: The interval for changing the coolant varies depending on the type of coolant being replaced. Refer to this article, "Coolant Recommendations", for the intervals for changing the coolant.

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NOTICE
Every attempt is made to provide accurate, up-to-date information. By use of this document, you agree that Caterpillar Inc. is not responsible for errors or omissions. The recommendations provided are the latest recommendations for the Caterpillar 2007 model year On-highway Diesel Engines.

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NOTICE
These recommendations are subject to change without prior notice. Contact your Caterpillar dealer for the most up to date recommendations.

For more information on all of the fluids, refer to the latest edition of Special Publication, SEBU6385, "Cat On-highway Diesel Engine Fluids Recommendations".

Diesel Engine Oil

Cat Diesel Engine Oil (Cat DEO)

Cat oils have been developed and tested in order to provide the full performance and service life that has been designed and built into Cat engines. Cat oils are currently used to fill Cat Diesel Engines at the factory. These oils are offered by Cat dealers for continued use when the engine oil is changed. Consult your Cat dealer for more information on these oils.

Due to significant variations in the quality and in the performance of commercially available oils, Caterpillar makes the following recommendations:

Table 1

Cat Lubricants		Viscosity Grade
Diesel Engine Oil-Ultra Low Sulfur	Cat DEO-ULS	SAE 15W-40
		SAE 10W-30
	Cat Cold Weather DEO-ULS	SAE 0W-40
Diesel Engine Oil	Cat DEO	SAE 15W-40
		SAE 10W-30

Note: Cat DEO-ULS and Cat DEO multigrade oils are the preferred oils for use in this Cat Diesel Engine.

Note: The use of Cat DEO-ULS in DPF equipped engines will help maintain the expected DPF performance. Use of oils other than Cat DEO-ULS in DPF equipped engines may cause the need for more frequent DPF cleaning cycles and may contribute to DPF plugging.

Commercial Oil

Note: Non-Cat commercial oils are second choice oils for your engine.

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NOTICE
Caterpillar does not warrant the quality or performance of non-Cat fluids.

The three current Caterpillar ECF specifications are: Cat ECF-1-a, Cat ECF-2 and Cat ECF-3. Each higher Cat ECF specification provides increased performance over lower Cat ECF specifications.

The Caterpillar ECF-3 specification was developed to protect 2007 model year and newer on-highway diesel engines that are designed to use fuels with 15 ppm or less of sulfur. Oils that meet the Caterpillar ECF-3 specification are designed with the following objectives: protection of the emissions control systems, compliance with the emissions standards, reduction of engine wear, reduction of piston deposits and reduction of oil consumption. Oils that meet the API CJ-4 standard are Caterpillar ECF-3 compliant.

Oils that have not met the performance requirements of the Caterpillar ECF-3 specification and/or the performance requirements for the API CJ-4 oil category may cause reduced engine life due to deposits, excessive wear, more frequent cleaning of the diesel particulate filter (DPF) and reduced life of the DPF.

A commercial oil must meet the following standards to be considered an equivalent of a Cat Diesel Engine Oil:

Table 2

Cat Engine Crankcase Fluids (ECF) Definitions
Cat Performance Requirement	Cat ECF Specifications Requirements
Cat ECF-3	API CJ-4 Oil Category performance requirements

In selecting oil for any engine application, both of the following must be satisfied: the oil viscosity and the category of oil performance or the specification for oil performance. Using only one of these parameters will not sufficiently define oil for an engine application.

The proper SAE viscosity grade of oil is determined by the following temperatures: minimum ambient temperature during cold engine start-up and maximum ambient temperature during engine operation.

Refer to Table 3 (minimum temperature) in order to determine the required oil viscosity for starting a cold engine.

Refer to Table 3 (maximum temperature) in order to select the oil viscosity for engine operation at the highest ambient temperature that is anticipated.

Note: Generally, use the highest oil viscosity that is available to meet the requirement for the temperature at start-up.

Table 3

Lubricant Viscosities for Ambient Temperatures
Oil Type and Performance Requirements	Oil Viscosities	°C		°F
		Min	Max	Min	Max
Cat DEO-ULS Cold Weather	SAE 0W-40	−40	40	−40	104
Cat DEO-ULS Cat DEO	SAE 10W-30	−18	40	0	104
	SAE 15W-40	−10	50	14	122
Commercial Oil ECF-3	SAE 0W-40	−40	40	−40	104
	SAE 5W-30	−30	30	−22	86
	SAE 0W-30	−40	30	−40	86
	SAE 5W-40	−30	50	−22	122
	SAE 10W-30	−18	40	0	104
	SAE 10W-40	−18	50	0	122
	SAE 15W-40	−9.5	50	15	122

Note: A cold soaked start occurs when the engine has not been operated recently, allowing the oil to become more viscous due to cooler ambient temperatures. Supplemental heat is recommended for cold soaked starts below the minimum ambient temperature. Supplemental heat may be necessary for cold soaked starts that are above the minimum temperature depending on factors such as parasitic load.

S·O·S Services Oil Analysis

Caterpillar has developed a maintenance tool that evaluates oil degradation. the maintenance management also detects the early signs of wear on internal components. The Caterpillar tool for oil analysis is called S·O·S oil analysis and the tool is part of the S·O·S Services program. S·O·S oil analysis divides oil analysis into four categories:

• Component wear rate

• Oil condition

• Oil contamination

• Identification of oil

These four types of analysis are used to monitor the condition of your equipment. The four types of analysis will also help you identify potential problems. A properly administered S·O·S oil analysis program will reduce repair costs and the program will lessen the impact of downtime.

The S·O·S Oil Analysis program uses a wide range of tests to determine the condition of the oil and the crankcase. Guidelines that are based on experience and a correlation to failures have been established for these tests. Exceeding one or more of these guidelines could indicate serious fluid degradation or a pending component failure. A trained person at your Cat dealership should make the final analysis.

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NOTICE
Always use a designated pump for oil sampling, and use a separate designated pump for coolant sampling. Using the same pump for both types of samples may contaminate the samples that are being drawn. This contaminate may cause a false analysis and an incorrect interpretation that could lead to concerns by both dealers and customers.

Refer to Special Publication, SEBU6385, "Cat On-highway Diesel Engine Fluids Recommendations" in order to obtain additional information about S·O·S Services oil analysis. You can also contact your local Cat dealer.

Fuel

Note: Caterpillar strongly recommends the filtration of fuel through a fuel filter with a rating of four microns(c) absolute or less. This filtration should be located on the device that dispenses the fuel to the fuel tank for the engine. This filtration should also be located on the device that dispenses fuel from the bulk storage tank. Series filtration is recommended.

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NOTICE
In order to meet expected fuel system component life, 4 micron(c) absolute or less secondary fuel filtration is required for all Cat Diesel Engines that are equipped with unit injected fuel systems. All current Cat Diesel Engines are factory equipped with Cat Advanced Efficiency 4 micron(c) absolute fuel filters. Caterpillar does not warrant the quality or performance of non-Cat fluids and filters.

For more information, refer to Special Publication, SEBU6385, "Cat On-highway Diesel Engine Fluids Recommendations" or consult your Cat dealer for further information.

Specifications for Distillate Diesel Fuel

Note: In the U.S., the use of fuel with greater than 15 ppm sulfur in model year 2007 and newer on-highway diesel engines is illegal and punishable with civil penalties.

Note: The owner and operator of the engine has the responsibility to use fuel that is prescribed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency and, as appropriate, other regulatory agencies.

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NOTICE
Caterpillar requires a primary filter/water separator with 10 microns(c) absolute or less.

Note: Diesel fuel used to operate a Cat On-highway Engine which is certified to 2007 On-highway Standards must also meet the "Cat Specification for Distillate Diesel Fuel for On-highway Diesel Engines". The acceptability of these fuels for use is determined on a case by case basis. A complete fuel analysis is required. Consult your Cat dealer for further information.

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NOTICE
The footnotes are a key part of the "Caterpillar Specification for Distillate Diesel Fuel for Off-Highway Diesel Engines" Table. Read ALL of the footnotes.

Table 4

Caterpillar Specification for Distillate Fuel for Nonroad Diesel Engines
Specifications	Requirements	ASTM Test	ISO Test
Aromatics	35% maximum	"D1319"	"ISO 3837"
Ash	0.01% maximum (weight)	"D482"	"ISO 6245"
Carbon Residue on 10% Bottoms	0.35% maximum (weight)	"D524"	"ISO 4262"
Cetane Number (1)	40 minimum (DI engines)	"D613" or "D6890"	"ISO 5165"
	35 minimum (PC engines)
Cloud Point	The cloud point must not exceed the lowest expected ambient temperature.	"D2500"	"ISO 3015"
Copper Strip Corrosion	No. 3 maximum	"D130"	"ISO 2160"
Distillation	10% at 282 °C (540 °F) maximum	"D86"	"ISO 3405"
	90% at 360 °C (680 °F) maximum
Flash Point	legal limit	"D93"	"ISO 2719"
Thermal Stability	Minimum of 80% reflectance after aging for 180 minutes at 150 °C (302 °F)	"D6468"	No equivalent test
API Gravity (2)	30 minimum	"D287"	No equivalent test
	45 maximum
Pour Point	6 °C (10 °F) minimum below ambient temperature	"D97"	"ISO 3016"
Sulfur		"D5453" or "D2622"	ISO 20846 or ISO 20884
Kinematic Viscosity	1.4 cStminimum and 20.0 cSt maximum as delivered to the fuel injection pumps	-	-
	1.4 cSt minimum and 4.5 cSt maximum as delivered to the rotary fuel injection pumps
Water and Sediment	0.05% maximum	"D1796" or "D2709"	"ISO 3734"
Water	0.05% maximum	"D6304"	No equivalent test
Sediment	0.05% maximum (weight)	"D473"	"ISO 3735"
Gums and Resins (5)	10 mg per 100 mL maximum	"D381"	"ISO 6246"

( 1 )	Alternatively, to ensure a minimum cetane number of 35 (PC engines), and 40 (DI engines), distillate diesel fuel should have a minimum cetane index of 37.5 (PC engines), and 44.2 (DI engines) when the "ASTM D4737-96a" test method is used. A fuel with a higher cetane number may be required for operation at a higher altitude or in cold weather.
( 2 )	Via standards tables, the equivalent kg/m3 (kilograms per cubic meter) using the "ASTM D287" test method temperature of 15.56° C (60° F) for the minimum API gravity of 30 is 875.7 kg/m3, and for the maximum API gravity of 45 is 801.3 kg/m3.
( 5 )	Follow the test conditions and procedures for gasoline (motor).

Ultralow Sulfur Diesel Fuel (ULSD Fuel)

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NOTICE
Model year 2007 and newer Caterpillar on-highway diesel engines REQUIRE the use of ULSD fuel in order to meet the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 2007 emissions regulations for on-highway diesel engines. In the US, failure to use ULSD in these engines is illegal and punishable with civil penalties. Model year 2007 and newer Caterpillar on-highway diesel engines are designed to operate on ULSD. Failure to use ULSD in these engines will reduce engine efficiency and durability. Failure to use ULSD may also damage emission control systems and reduce fuel economy. In addition, certain other governments/localities MAY require the use of ULSD fuel. Consult federal, state, and local authorities for guidance on fuel requirements for your area. When ULSD is used, there are concerns with fuel viscosity, lubricity, and thermal stability. The fuel viscosity, lubricity, and thermal stability limits stated in the Caterpillar Specification for Distillate Diesel Fuel for on-highway diesel engines address these concerns. In North America, diesel fuel that is identified as "ASTM D975 Grade No. 1-D S15" or "ASTM D975 Grade No. 2-D S15" and meet the "ASTM D975 Thermal Stability Guideline X2.10.2.2", generally meet the Caterpillar requirements for ULSD fuel.

Note: ULSD has less electrical conductivity than low sulfur diesel fuel (LSD). Follow all industry standard concerning grounding and safety practices.

Cat Diesel Engines are certified with the fuel that is prescribed by the Environmental Protection Agency in the US. Diesel Engines that are manufactured by Caterpillar are certified by use of the fuel that is prescribed by the European Certifications. Caterpillar does not certify diesel engines on any other fuel.

Fuel pumps that dispense ULSD fuel in the United States should generally display the following label:

Illustration 1	g01356714
(Fuel pumps in California will not display this label because all diesel fuel that is sold in California must be ULSD fuel.)

European Standard EN590:2004

Sulfur free diesel fuels contain 10 ppm of sulfur or less than 10 ppm of sulfur according to the "European Standard EN590:2004". Sulfur free fuels are strongly recommended in EURO 4 on-highway diesel engines. Diesel fuel with 50 ppm of sulfur or with less than 50 ppm of sulfur is acceptable. Use of diesel fuel with greater than 50 ppm in Caterpillar EURO 4 engines will reduce the engine's efficiency and durability. Use of diesel fuel with greater than 50 ppm in Caterpillar EURO 4 engines may reduce fuel economy.

In Europe, diesel fuel that meets the requirements of "European Standard EN590:2004" for fuel which contains 10 ppm of sulfur or less than 10 ppm of sulfur generally meet Caterpillar requirements for ULSD fuel.

Biodiesel

A biodiesel blend of up to 5 percent may be used in the engine when the fuel blend meets the recommendations in table 5 and meets the recommendations in Special Publication, SEBU6385, "Cat On-highway Diesel Engine Fluids Recommendations". A blend of greater than 20 percent biodiesel may be acceptable in some cases. See your Cat dealer for more information.

Note: A complete Cat S·O·S Services oil analysis program is recommended strongly.

Table 5

Biodiesel Blends for Cat Commercial Diesel Engines
Biodiesel blend stock	Final blend	Distillate diesel fuel used for blend
Caterpillar biodiesel specification, "ASTM D6751" or "EN14214"	B20: "ASTM D7467" and "API" gravity 30-45	Caterpillar distillate diesel fuel specification, "ASTM D975" or "EN590"

Fuel Additives

Many types of fuel additives are available. Caterpillar does not generally recommend the use of fuel additives.

Some additives may damage emission control systems. In the US, some additives may raise fuel sulfur levels above the maximum level which is allowed by the EPA and other regulatory agencies.

Note: When the use of a fuel with 15 ppm of sulfur or less is mandated, a consumer may not add an aftermarket fuel additive which contains more than 15 ppm of sulfur.

Cat Diesel Fuel Conditioner

Cat Diesel Fuel Conditioner is the only fuel conditioner/additive available to the end user that is tested and approved by Caterpillar for use in Cat Diesel Engines.

Refer to Special Publication, SEBU6385, "Cat On-highway Diesel Engine Fluids Recommendations" for information about the use of Cat Diesel Fuel Conditioner.

When use of fuel with 15 ppm of sulfur or less than 15 ppm of sulfur is mandated, Cat Diesel Fuel Conditioner must be blended into the fuel at the recommended rate by the fuel supplier. The current formulation of Cat Diesel Fuel Conditioner has more than 15 ppm sulfur. Make sure that the use of diesel fuel conditioners and the use of diesel fuel additives conforms to the following regulations:

• National laws and national mandates

• Regional laws and mandates

• Local laws and local mandates

Cat Diesel Fuel System Cleaner

Note: Cat Diesel Fuel System Cleaner is the only fuel system cleaner available to the end user that is tested and approved by Caterpillar for use in Cat Diesel Engines.

Caterpillar strongly recommends that Cat Diesel Fuel System Cleaner be used with biodiesel and biodiesel blends. Cat Diesel Fuel System Cleaner is suitable for use with biodiesel/biodiesel blends that meet Caterpillar biodiesel recommendations and requirements. Not all fuel cleaners are suitable for use with biodiesel/biodiesel blends. Read and follow all applicable label usage instructions. Also, refer to Special Publication, SEBU6385, "Cat On-highway Diesel Engine Fluids Recommendations", "Distillate Diesel Fuel", article and also refer to the "Biodiesel" article, which includes Caterpillar biodiesel recommendations and requirements.

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NOTICE
When used as directed Cat Diesel Fuel System Cleaner will not raise fuel sulfur levels measurably in the final fuel/additive blend. But, in the U.S., aftermarket fuel additives (retail consumer level versus bulk fuel additives used at the fuel supplier/distributor level) with more than 15 ppm sulfur are NOT allowed to be used in applications where ULSD usage is mandated (15 ppm or less fuel sulfur). Note that Cat Diesel Fuel System Cleaner contains less than 15 ppm of sulfur and is acceptable for use with ULSD fuel.

Cooling System

Note: Refer to Special Publication, SEBU6385, "Cat On-highway Diesel Engine Fluids Recommendations" for complete information about the proper fluids for use in the cooling system.

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The cooling system operates under pressure which is controlled by the radiator pressure cap. Removing the cap while the system is hot may allow the escape of hot coolant and steam, causing serious burns. Before you remove the radiator cap, allow the system to cool. Use a thick cloth and turn the radiator cap slowly to the first stop to allow pressure to escape before fully removing the cap. Avoid contact with coolant.

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NOTICE
Never add coolant to an overheated engine. Engine damage could result. Allow the engine to cool first.

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NOTICE
If the engine is to be stored in, or shipped to an area with below freezing temperatures, the cooling system must be either protected to the lowest outside temperature or drained completely in order to prevent damage caused by freezing coolant.

Never operate an engine without water temperature regulators in the cooling system. Water temperature regulators help to maintain the engine coolant at the proper operating temperature. Cooling system problems can develop without water temperature regulators. Removing the regulators allows some coolant to bypass the radiator, potentially causing overheating.

Coolant Recommendations

Note: A Cat Diesel Engine equipped with air-to-air aftercooling (ATAAC) requires a minimum of 30 percent glycol to help prevent water pump cavitation.

Table 6

Coolant Recommendations for use in Cat Diesel Engines (1) (2) (3)
Type	Product	Service Hours	Required Maintenance
Preferred	Cat ELC (Cat Extended Life Coolant) Cat ELI (Cat Extended Life Inhibitor)	966000 km (600000 miles) or 12000 SH or 6 years	Add Cat ELC Extender at 483000 km (300000 miles) or 6000 SH or 3 years
Min requirements	Cat EC-1 specification and "ASTM D6210" and Organic Additive Technology (OAT) based on a combination of a monocarboxylic acid and a dicarboxylic acid Phosphate, borate, and silicate free Tolyltriazole: minimum typical concnetration of 900 ppm Nitrite: minimum typical concentration of 500 ppm in new coolants	483000 km (300000 miles) or 6000 SH or 6 years	Add Extender at 241000 km (150000 miles) or 3000 SH or 3 years
Acceptable	Cat DEAC (Cat Diesel Engine Antifreeze/Coolant)	240000 km (150000 miles)or 3000 SH or 3 years	SCA (Supplemental coolant additive) at the following intervals: C7 Engines: PM1 Maintenance Interval C9 Engines: Every 24000 km (15000 miles) or 7500 L (2000 US gal) or 400 service hours or 6 months
Min requirements for fully formulated Heavy Duty Commercial coolants	"ASTM D6210" and Nitrite (as NO2) concentration: Minimum of 1200 ppm (70 grains/US gal) and maximum of 2400 ppm (140 grains/US gal) Silicon concentration: minimum of 100 ppm and maximum of 275 ppm	240000 km (150000 miles) or 3000 SH or 2 years
Min requirements for Commercial coolants requiring SCA precharge	"ASTM D4985" and(1) Nitrite (as NO2) concentration: Minimum of 1200 ppm (70 grains/US gal) and maximum of 2400 ppm (140 grains/US gal) Silicon concentration: minimum of 100 ppm and maximum of 275 ppm	240000 km (150000 miles)or 3000 SH or 1 year	SCA at initial fill and at the following intervals: C7 Engines: PM1 Maintenance Interval C9 Engines: Every 24000 km (15000 miles) or 7500 L (2000 US gal) or 400 service hours or 6 months

( 1 )	New Coolants at 50 volume percent diluted. Coolants that are prediluted at the coolant manufacturer must be diluted with water that meets Reagent 4 "ASTM D1193" requirements.
( 2 )	Maintain the in-service coolant at the given limits.
( 3 )	When referring to the service hours, use the interval that occurs first. These coolant change intervals are only achievable with annual S·O·S Services Level 2 coolant sampling analysis.

Table 7

Special Requirements
Cat diesel engines equipped with air-to-air aftercooling (ATAAC)	Minimum of 30% glycol is required. 50% Glycol is recommended. Water alone or water with SCA or with ELI is NOT allowed.

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NOTICE
Use Only Approved SCAs and Extenders Conventional coolants require the maintenance addition of SCA throughout the expected life of the coolants. Do NOT use an SCA with a coolant unless approved specifically by the coolant supplier. The coolant manufacturer is responsible for ensuring compatibility and acceptable performance. To help ensure expected performance, EC-1 coolants require the one time maintenance addition of an extender at coolant service mid-life. Do not use an extender with a coolant unless the extender has been approved specifically for use by the coolant manufacturer. The coolant manufacturer is responsible for ensuring compatibility and acceptable performance. Failure to follow these recommendations can result in shortened cooling system component life.

Cat ELC can be recycled into conventional coolants.

For more information, refer to Special Publication, SEBU6385, "Cat On-highway Diesel Engine Fluids Recommendations".

S·O·S Services Coolant Analysis

Testing the engine coolant is important to ensure that the engine is protected from internal cavitation and corrosion. The analysis also tests the ability of the coolant to protect the engine from boiling and freezing. S·O·S coolant analysis can be done at your Cat dealer. Cat S·O·S coolant analysis is the best way to monitor the condition of your coolant and your cooling system. S·O·S coolant analysis is a program that is based on periodic samples.

S·O·S Services Coolant Analysis (Level 1)

A coolant analysis (Level 1) is a test of the properties of the coolant.

The following properties of the coolant are tested:

• Glycol concentration for freeze protection and boil protection

• Ability to protect from erosion and corrosion

• pH

• Conductivity

• Visual analysis

• Odor analysis

The results are reported, and appropriate recommendations are made.

S·O·S Services Coolant Analysis (Level 2)

A coolant analysis (Level 2) is a comprehensive chemical evaluation of the coolant. This analysis is also a check of the overall condition of the cooling system.

The S·O·S coolant analysis (Level 2) has the following features:

• Full coolant analysis (Level 1)

• Identification of metal corrosion and of contaminants

• Identification of buildup of the impurities that cause corrosion

• Identification of buildup of the impurities that cause scaling

• Determination of the possibility of electrolysis within the cooling system of the engine

The results are reported, and appropriate recommendations are made.

For more information on S·O·S coolant analysis, consult your Cat dealer.

Greases

If a single grease must be chosen, always choose a grease that meets or exceeds the requirements of the most demanding application. Remember that the products which barely meet the minimum performance requirements can be expected to barely produce the minimum lives of your parts. False economy is being used if a grease is purchased with the lowest cost as the only consideration. Instead, use the grease that yields the lowest total operating cost. The cost should be based on an analysis that includes the costs of parts, labor, downtime, and the cost of the amount of grease that is required.

For more information, refer to Special Publication, SEBU6385, "Cat On-highway Diesel Engine Fluids Recommendations".