- Wheel Loader
- 994K (S/N: MM91-UP; MRK1-UP; SMX1-UP)
Introduction
Inspections are the most basic form of condition monitoring. Inspections are easy to do and surprisingly effective at helping you spot equipment health issues. Proactive monitoring and analysis of equipment information will allow Dealers to intervene effectively before problems occur.
Note: Before adjusting product settings to comply with listed baseline TA2 values, consult SIS for the latest specification values.
Creating an Electronic Copy
Use the following procedure to create an editable electronic copy from SIS web.
- Click format to print.
- Save the document as an HTML format.
- Open the document with Microsoft Word.
Electrical System
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Table 1
Status(1) |
Description |
Specification |
Actual |
Comments |
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Inspect Battery Cables |
Cables between the battery, the starter, and the engine ground must be the correct size. Wires and cables must be free of corrosion. Wires and cables must have cable support clamps to prevent stress on battery connections (terminals). |
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Battery Test |
12.4 VDC or more |
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Refer to Special Instruction, SEHS7633, "Battery Test Procedure". |
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Charging System Test |
18 VDC to 32 VDC |
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Refer to Special Instruction, UENR0950, "Charging System - Test". |
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Electric Starting System Test |
12 to 16 V at −23° C (−10° F) to −7° C (19° F) |
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Refer to Special Instruction, UENR4347, "Charging System - Test". |
14 to 18 V at −7° C (19° F) to 10° C (50° F) |
16 to 24 V at 10° C (50° F) to 27° C (80° F) |
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(1) |
N = Normal, M = Monitor, A = Action |
Engine
Reference: Testing & Adjusting, UENR4347 for more detail on the following tests.
Fuel System
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Table 2
Status(1) |
Description |
Specification |
Actual |
Comments |
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Fuel Pressure |
415 to 450 kPa (60 to 65 psi) |
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(1) |
N = Normal, M = Monitor, A = Action |
Cooling System
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Table 3
Status(1) |
Description |
Specification |
Actual |
Comments |
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Radiator Pressure Relief (Radiator Cap)(2) |
- |
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Freezing Point of Engine Coolant |
- |
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Conditioner Test of Engine Coolant |
- |
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Belt Tension |
- |
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Refer to Operation and Maintenance Manual. |
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(1) |
N = Normal, M = Monitor, A = Action |
(2) |
Test for the pressure that is listed on the cap. |
Lubrication System
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Table 4
Status(1) |
Description |
Specification |
Actual |
Comments |
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Engine Oil Pressure at Low Idle |
140 kPa (20 psi) |
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Engine Oil Pressure at rated rpm |
280 to 600 kPa (40 to 87 psi) |
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(1) |
N = Normal, M = Monitor, A = Action |
Basic Engine
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Table 5
Status(1) |
Description |
Specification |
Actual |
Comments |
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Engine Speed at Low Idle |
750 ± 10 rpm |
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Engine Speed at High Idle |
1700 ± 10 rpm |
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Torque Converter Stall Test Engine RPM |
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Cylinder Cutout Test |
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Caterpillar Electronic Technician |
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Engine Crankcase Pressure (Blowby) |
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(1) |
N = Normal, M = Monitor, A = Action |
Air Inlet and Exhaust System
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Table 6
Status(1) |
Description |
Specification |
Actual |
Comments |
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Torque Converter Stall Test Boost Pressure |
- |
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Cylinder # 1 Exhaust Temperature(2) |
- |
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Cylinder # 2 Exhaust Temperature(2) |
- |
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Cylinder # 3 Exhaust Temperature(2) |
- |
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Cylinder # 4 Exhaust Temperature(2) |
- |
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Cylinder # 5 Exhaust Temperature(2) |
- |
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Cylinder # 6 Exhaust Temperature(2) |
- |
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Cylinder # 7 Exhaust Temperature(2) |
- |
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Cylinder # 8 Exhaust Temperature(2) |
- |
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(1) |
N = Normal, M = Monitor, A = Action |
(2) |
Compare the exhaust temperature variance at each exhaust port. |
Hydraulic Performance Checks
Reference: Refer to Testing & Adjusting, UENR4904, "994K Wheel Loader Machine Systems" for more detail on the following test.
Implement Cycle Time-Check
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Table 7
Status(1) |
Description |
Specification |
Actual |
Comments |
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Rack Back |
2.4 seconds |
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Lift |
9.2 seconds |
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Dump (Max Lift) |
1.8 seconds |
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Power Down |
3.8 seconds |
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Float Down |
3.7 seconds |
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(1) |
N = Normal, M = Monitor, A = Action |
Pump Performance (Implement) (Lift Time) - Test
This test is performed using the operator monitor. Refer to Testing and Adjusting, UENR4904, "Pump Performance (Implement) (Lift Time) - Test" for further instruction.
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Table 8
Lift Times |
Pump |
Time |
Standard Lift (SL) |
High Lift (HL) |
Right Front, Right Rear 250 cc (15.3 cubic inch) |
47.4 seconds |
47.4 seconds |
Left Front, Left Rear 250 cc (15.3 cubic inch) |
47.4 seconds |
47.4 seconds |
Pump Performance (Steering)- Test
This test is performed using the operator monitor. Refer to Testing and Adjusting, UENR4904, "Pump Performance (Implement) (Lift Time) - Test" for further instruction.
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Table 9
Status(1) |
Description |
Specification |
Actual |
Comments |
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Steering Cycle time |
4.3 ± 0.3 seconds |
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(1) |
N = Normal, M = Monitor, A = Action |
Brake Performance Checks
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Table 10
Status(1) |
Description |
Specification |
Actual |
Comments |
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Brake Accumulator - Test (Test from OMM) |
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Service Brake Holding Ability Test- Test (Test from OMM) |
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Parking Brake Holding Ability Test- Test (Test from OMM) |
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(1) |
N = Normal, M = Monitor, A = Action |
Hydraulic System
Reference: Refer to Testing & Adjusting, UENR4904, "994K Wheel Loader Machine Systems" for more detail on the following test.
Pilot Pressure - Check
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Table 11
Status(1) |
Description |
Specification |
Actual |
Comments |
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Pilot pressure at high idle |
3450 kPa (500 psi) |
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(1) |
N = Normal, M = Monitor, A = Action |
Pressure Reducing Valve Pressure for Dead Engine Pilot Supply (Engine OFF) - Test and Adjust
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Table 12
Status(1) |
Description |
Specification |
Actual |
Comments |
|
Pilot oil pressure for a dead engine |
1580 ± 150 kPa (229 ± 22 psi) |
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(1) |
N = Normal, M = Monitor, A = Action |
Pilot Pressure (Pressure Reducing Valve) - Test and Adjust
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Table 13
Status(1) |
Description |
Specification |
Actual |
Comments |
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Pilot pressure at engine speed set at high idle (1700 rpm ± 25 rpm) and operating temperature range 50° C to 88° C (122° F to 190° F) |
3500 ± 345 kPa (507 ± 50 psi) |
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(1) |
N = Normal, M = Monitor, A = Action |
Pilot Control Actuator Pressure - Check
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Table 14
Status(1) |
Description |
Specification |
Actual |
Comments |
|
Pilot Control Actuator Pressure |
3500 ± 150 kPa (507 ± 22 psi) |
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(1) |
N = Normal, M = Monitor, A = Action |
Relief Valve (Main) - Test and Adjust
Refer to Testing and Adjusting , UENR4904 , "Relief Valve Pressure (Main) - Test and Adjust" for further instruction.
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Table 15
Status(1) |
Description |
Specification |
Actual |
Comments |
|
Relief Valve Main Pressure (Left) |
32800 ± 600 kPa (4750 ± 90 psi) |
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Relief Valve Main Pressure (Right) |
32800 ± 600 kPa (4750 ± 90 psi) |
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(1) |
N = Normal, M = Monitor, A = Action |
Power Train System
Reference: Refer to Testing & Adjusting, UENR4904 , "Power Train System" for more detail on the following tests.
Torque Converter Impeller Clutch Pressure - Test
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Table 16
Torque Converter Pressure |
Pressure |
Pressure Tap |
Pressure at High Idle |
Adjustment |
Torque Converter Inlet |
(D) |
Maximum pressure with cold oil is 900 kPa (130 psi). |
- |
Impeller Clutch |
(F) |
Maximum pressure is 2176 ± 275 kPa (315.6 ± 40 psi). |
- |
Torque Converter Outlet |
(G) |
Pressure is 470 ± 100 kPa (68 ± 14 psi).
(These pressures are for a machine in third speed, with activated brakes, with installed axle shafts, and with the torque converter in a stall condition.) |
- |
Torque Converter Stall (3FWD) - Test
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Table 17
Status(1) |
Description |
Specification |
Actual |
Comments |
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Torque Converter Stall speed |
1588 ± 50 rpm |
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(1) |
N = Normal, M = Monitor, A = Action |
Torque Converter Stall and Implement Pump Double Stall - Test
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Table 18
Status(1) |
Description |
Specification |
Actual |
Comments |
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Raise double stall engine speed |
1405 ± 50 rpm |
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(1) |
N = Normal, M = Monitor, A = Action |
Torque Converter Lockup Clutch Pressure - Test
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Table 19
Status(1) |
Description |
Specification |
Actual |
Comments |
|
Lockup clutch pressure |
2340 ± 70 kPa (339 ± 10 psi). The maximum pressure is 70 kPa (10 psi) when the solenoid is not activated. |
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(1) |
N = Normal, M = Monitor, A = Action |
Transmission Pressure - Test
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Table 20
Status(1) |
Transmission Pressure |
Comments |
Pressure |
Position of Governor Control Lever |
Actual |
Pressure at Low Idle |
Pressure at High Idle |
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Oil Pump |
This pressure is identical to speed clutch pressure P1. |
This pressure is identical to speed clutch pressure P1. |
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Speed Clutch P1 |
The minimum pressure is 2200 kPa (319 psi). Plug (K) for the load piston is installed. |
This pressure is 2760 ± 175 kPa (400 ± 25 psi) when the direction switch is in FORWARD or in Reverse and any speed is selected. Plug (K) for the load piston is installed. |
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Direction Clutch P2 |
This minimum pressure is 1750 kPa (254 psi). |
This pressure is 2170 ± 140 kPa (400 ± 25 psi). |
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Transmission Lubrication Oil |
The minimum pressure is 21 kPa (3 psi) |
The minimum pressure is 110 kPa (16 psi). |
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(1) |
N = Normal, M = Monitor, A = Action |
Steering System
Reference: Refer to Testing & Adjusting, UENR4904, "994K Wheel Loader Machine Systems" for more detail on the following tests.
Steering System Pressures - Test
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Table 21
Status(1) |
Description |
Specification |
Actual |
Comments |
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Steering pilot valve supply pressure |
3800 ± 300 kPa (551 ± 44psi) |
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Maximum steering pump pressure |
31000 ± 600 kPa (4496 ± 87 psi) |
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Load sense relief valve pressure |
28900 ± 500 kPa (4192 ± 73 psi) |
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Steering valve pilot pressure |
3800 ± 300 kPa (551 ± 44 psi) |
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Margin pressure |
2100 ± 100 kPa (305 ± 15 psi) |
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Steering control valve pilot pressure (when STIC in the centered position) |
0 |
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Steering cylinder crossover relief valve pressure |
34500 kPa (5000 psi) |
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Secondary steering relief valve pressure |
20950 kPa (3040 psi) |
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(1) |
N = Normal, M = Monitor, A = Action |
Piston Pump (Steering) Margin Pressure - Test and Adjust
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Table 22
Status(1) |
Description |
Specification |
Actual |
Comments |
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Margin Pressure |
2100 ± 100 kPa (305 ± 15 psi) |
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(1) |
N = Normal, M = Monitor, A = Action |
Steering Main System Relief Pressure - Test and Adjust
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Table 23
Status(1) |
Description |
Specification |
Actual |
Comments |
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Cutoff Pressure |
32500 ± 500 kPa (4714 ± 73 psi) |
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(1) |
N = Normal, M = Monitor, A = Action |
Relief Valve (Secondary Steering) - Test and Adjust
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Table 24
Status(1) |
Description |
Specification |
Actual |
Comments |
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Secondary steering relief valve pressure |
20950 ± 345 kPa (3050 ± 50 psi) |
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(1) |
N = Normal, M = Monitor, A = Action |
Steering Neutralizer Valve - Check
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Table 25
Status(1) |
Description |
Specification |
Actual |
Comments |
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Minimum Putty Thickness |
3 to 5 mm (0.1 ± 0.2inch) |
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Show/hide table
(1) |
N = Normal, M = Monitor, A = Action |
Brake and Hydraulic Fan System
Reference: Refer to Testing & Adjusting, UENR4904, "994K Wheel Loader Machine Systems" for more detail on the following tests.
Hydraulic Fan Speed - Test and Adjust
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Table 26
994K Hydraulic Fan Speeds (1) |
|
High Ambient Max Speed |
Standard Ambient Max Speed |
Minimum Fan Speed |
Altitude |
0° C (32° F) |
32° C (90° F) |
0° C (32° F) |
32° C (90° F) |
0° C (32° F) |
32° C (90° F) |
305 m (1000 ft) |
580 rpm |
624 rpm |
520 rpm |
559 rpm |
216 rpm |
233 rpm |
610 m (2000 ft) |
591 rpm |
636 rpm |
529 rpm |
570 rpm |
221 rpm |
237 rpm |
914 m (3000 ft) |
602 rpm |
649 rpm |
539 rpm |
581 rpm |
225 rpm |
242 rpm |
1219 m (4000 ft) |
613 rpm |
662 rpm |
549 rpm |
593 rpm |
229 rpm |
247 rpm |
1524 m (5000 ft) |
625 rpm |
675 rpm |
560 rpm |
605 rpm |
233 rpm |
252 rpm |
1829 m (6000 ft) |
637 rpm |
689 rpm |
571 rpm |
617 rpm |
238 rpm |
257 rpm |
2134 m (7000 ft) |
650 rpm |
703 rpm |
582 rpm |
630 rpm |
242 rpm |
262 rpm |
2438 m (8000 ft) |
662 rpm |
718 rpm |
593 rpm |
643 rpm |
247 rpm |
268 rpm |
2743 m (9000 ft) |
675 rpm |
733 rpm |
605 rpm |
656 rpm |
252 rpm |
274 rpm |
3048 m (10000 ft) |
689 rpm |
735 rpm |
617 rpm |
670 rpm |
257 rpm |
279 rpm |
Show/hide table
(1) |
The hydraulic fan speed calibration setting is a dynamic value based on both altitude and ambient temperature. The table values are for reference only. The actual values will be shown in ET. Fan speeds are based on the ambient temperature and altitude listed. |
Piston Pump (Brake) Pressure - Test and Adjust
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Table 27
Status(1) |
Description |
Specification |
Actual |
Comments |
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Brake Oil Pressure |
16000 ± 345 kPa (2300 ± 50 psi) |
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Show/hide table
(1) |
N = Normal, M = Monitor, A = Action |
Service Brake System Pressure - Test
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Table 28
Status(1) |
Description |
Specification |
Actual |
Comments |
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Service Brake Pressure |
4827 ± 345 kPa (700 ± 50 psi) |
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(1) |
N = Normal, M = Monitor, A = Action |
Service Brake - Check
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Table 29
Status(1) |
Description |
Specification |
Actual |
Comments |
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Oil pressure in the accumulator |
15800 ± 420 kPa (2292 ± 61 psi) |
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Show/hide table
(1) |
N = Normal, M = Monitor, A = Action |
Service Brake - Check
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Table 30
Brake Disc Wear Information |
Percentage of Remaining Brake Disc Life |
Disc Thickness |
Oil Groove Depth |
100 |
4.70 mm (0.185 inch) |
0.70 mm (0.028 inch) |
80 |
4.55 mm (0.179 inch) |
0.62 mm (0.025 inch) |
60 |
4.40 mm (0.173 inch) |
0.55 mm (0.022 inch) |
40 |
4.24 mm (0.167 inch) |
0.47 mm (0.019 inch) |
20 |
4.09 mm (0.161 inch) |
0.40 mm (0.016 inch) |
0 |
3.94 mm (0.155 inch) |
0.32 mm (0.013 inch) |
Parking Brake System Pressure - Test
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Table 31
Status(1) |
Description |
Specification |
Actual |
Comments |
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Accumulator Pressure with Engine Running |
13789 ± 345 kPa (2000 ± 50 psi) |
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Accumulator Pressure at which the Parking Brake Engages |
< 6550 kPa (950 psi) |
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Show/hide table
(1) |
N = Normal, M = Monitor, A = Action |
S·O·S Samples
Reference: Refer to Operation and Maintenance Manual, SEBU9196, "Maintenance Interval Schedule" for more detail on performing S.0.S samples.
Engine Oil Sample
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Table 32
Status(1) |
Description |
Obtain |
Comments |
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Engine Oil Sample |
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(1) |
N = Normal, M = Monitor, A = Action |
Engine Coolant Sample
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Table 33
Status(1) |
Description |
Obtain |
Comments |
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Engine Coolant Sample |
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(1) |
N = Normal, M = Monitor, A = Action |
Hydraulic Oil Sample
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Table 34
Status(1) |
Description |
Obtain |
Comments |
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Hydraulic Oil Sample |
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Show/hide table
(1) |
N = Normal, M = Monitor, A = Action |
Differential & Final Drive Oil Samples (Inboard Final Drives)
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Table 35
Status(1) |
Description |
Obtain |
Comments |
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Front Differential & Final Drive Oil Sample |
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Rear Differential & Final Drive Oil Sample |
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Show/hide table
(1) |
N = Normal, M = Monitor, A = Action |
Differential & Final Drive Oil Samples (Outboard Final Drives)
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Table 36
Status(1) |
Description |
Obtain |
Comments |
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Front Differential Oil Sample |
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Rear Differential Oil Sample |
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Left Front Final Drive Oil Sample |
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Right Front Final Drive Oil Sample |
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Left Rear Final Drive Oil Sample |
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Right Rear Final Drive Oil Sample |
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(1) |
N = Normal, M = Monitor, A = Action |
Transmission/Torque Converter Oil Sample
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Table 37
Status(1) |
Description |
Obtain |
Comments |
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Transmission/Torque Converter Oil Sample |
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(1) |
N = Normal, M = Monitor, A = Action |