3406E Truck Engines Caterpillar

Illustration 1	g00312883
Left side view (1) Air compressor (2) Fuel priming pump (3) Fuel transfer pump (4) Distribution block (5) Fuel filter (6) Engine control Module (ECM)

Illustration 2	g00313103
Right side view (7) Exhaust manifold (8) Turbocharger (9) Water pump (10) Oil cooler (11) Oil filter

Illustration 3	g00313105
Top view (1) Air compressor (2) Fuel priming pump (3) Fuel transfer pump (7) Exhaust manifold (8) Turbocharger (12) Flywheel housing

Illustration 4	g00313106
Front view (13) Front timing gear housing (14) Vibration damper

Illustration 5	g00313107
Rear view (12) Flywheel housing (15) Flywheel

General Information

(S/N: 5EK1-Up; 1LW1-Up; 6TS1-Up)

The engines are electronically controlled mechanically actuated unit injector diesel engines. The 3406E is an in-line six cylinder engine with a bore of 137 mm (5.39 inch) and with a stroke of 165 mm (6.50 inch). The 3406E engine has a total displacement of 14.6 L (890.95 in ³ ). The engine is configured for turbocharged air-to-air aftercooling with electronic unit injection.

(S/N: 5DS1-Up)

The engines are electronically controlled mechanically actuated unit injector diesel engines. The 3406E is an in-line six cylinder engine with a bore of 140 mm (5.51 inch) and with a stroke of 171 mm (6.73 inch). The 3406E engine has a total displacement of 15.8 L (964.18 in ³ ). The engine is configured for turbocharged air-to-air aftercooling with electronic unit injection.

The electronic system was designed to provide the following features:

• Electronic governing

• Automatic fuel ratio control

• Torque rise shaping

• Injection timing control

• System diagnostics

The electronic system also provides the following additional benefits:

• Cruise Control

• Vehicle Speed Limiting

• Limiting RPM

• PTO Engine Governor

• Added engine economy comes from the Idle Shutdown Timer and the Data Link.

• Driver comfort

• Serviceability

The electronic unit injector system eliminates many of the mechanical components of an in-line pump system. This system also provides increased control of the timing control and of the fuel air ratio control. The timing advance is achieved by the precise control of the fuel injector timing. The engine rpm is controlled by adjusting the duration of the injection. A special pulse wheel provides information to the electronic control module for the detection of the cylinder position and of the engine rpm.

The engine has built-in diagnostics in order to ensure that all of the components are operating properly. In the event of a system component failure, the operator will be alerted to the condition by the "Check Engine" light which is positioned on the dashboard. A Caterpillar service tool can be used to read the numerical code of the faulty component or of the condition. The cruise control switches can also be used to flash the code on the "Check Engine" light which is positioned on the dashboard. Intermittent faults are logged and the information is stored in the memory.

Starting the Engine

The Electronic Control Module (ECM) will automatically provide the correct amount of fuel that is necessary to start the engine. The throttle should not be held while the engine is being cranked. At temperatures below 0°C (32°F), starting fluid may need to be sprayed into the air cleaner inlet. If the engine fails to start in 30 seconds, the starter switch should be released. The starter motor should be allowed to cool for two minutes before being used again.

Cold Mode Operation

The engine control system performs a cold start strategy for the correct warm-up time after a cold engine start. The temperature for a cold engine start is less than 18°C (64°F). This cold start strategy is called cold mode. After being activated, this cold mode will remain active until the coolant temperature rises above 18°C (64°F) or until the engine has been running for 12 minutes. Cold mode will also vary the fuel injection amount, the timing for the maximum start-up, and the timing for the control of white smoke. The time that is necessary for the engine to achieve the normal mode of operation is usually less than the time that is required for a walk-around inspection of the vehicle.

Idle Shutdown Timer

To conserve fuel, the control system can be programmed to shut down the engine. When the vehicle is stationary and the engine is operating under a full load the engine will shut down after a predetermined period of time. This period of time is defined by the customer. The electrical power of the vehicle does not shut down because of this feature. The Idle Shutdown Timer is enabled when the following conditions are met:

• The Idle shutdown timer feature has been selected.

• The engine must be at operating temperature.

• The vehicle speed must be at “0” mph.

• There is no engine load.

• The parking brake switch is engaged.

The diagnostic lamp will start to flash at a rapid rate ninety seconds before the programmed idle time is reached. The ability to override the Idle Shutdown Timer is determined via the customer parameter "Allow Idle Shutdown Override". The system can be programmed to allow an override. The operator can override the timer by either moving the clutch or the service brake. This feature must take place within the final ninety second warning. The timer is reset when the Electronic Control Module (ECM) detects movement of the vehicle. A diagnostic event code is also logged.

Customer Specified Parameters

The engine is capable of being programmed for several customer specified parameters. Refer to System Operation, "Glossary of Electronic Control Terms". Refer to the Operation and Maintenance Manual for your vehicle for a brief explanation of each of the customer specified parameters.